Evolution of Autonomous Electric Vehicle Communication Networks: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

The rapid advancement of autonomous electric vehicle (AEV) communication networks holds significant promise for the future of transportation. This comprehensive review explores the evolution, challenges, and potential applications of AEV communication networks. Initially, basic vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication systems using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) and Wi-Fi protocols were developed for safety applications. The introduction of cellular connectivity, such as 4G and 5G networks, enabled enhanced connectivity and the emergence of Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) technology, facilitating direct communication between vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and the cloud. To address low-latency requirements, edge computing and fog networking techniques were employed, allowing real-time decision-making and resource-intensive applications. The concept of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication further expanded the scope of AEV communication networks, enabling interactions with various entities in the environment. However, challenges such as security, interoperability, scalability, and adverse conditions must be addressed. AEV communication networks offer diverse applications, including cooperative driving, traffic management, enhanced safety features, and energy efficiency through smart charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions. Overcoming the challenges and fostering collaboration among industry stakeholders, standardization bodies, and regulatory authorities will be crucial for the successful integration of AEVs into existing transportation systems. This research provides valuable insights into the evolution of AEV communication networks and highlights the transformative potential they hold for the future of transportation.